Why did Osama bin Ladin attack us? Targeting the Pentagon, plus political, and economic structures packed with civilians. Few average Americans understand or care about
his reasoning. So now, we are still
paying the price in blood, oil, and treasure in the Middle East- and at home. OBL's logic and rational wasn't a creation of his imagination. It was a failure of our own according the official 9-11 Commission. A failure of our imagination. And our terrorized emotions were predicable living in a security bubble that never really existed. Security has never been a function of military or economic power. Where there is a will to do damage, there is a will to use any technology as a weapon. A hammer can build a home for the homeless or crush a dozen skulls. A fuel ladened passenger plane can be use to bring people home, or bring the strongest buildings to the ground.
Maximizing one's security requires at least three things. And none of these are weapons. But these three are all connected, just as we all are on our gifted Goldilocks planet. 1.Making more friends and no enemies. 2. This is done by following the golden rule. 3. Being virtuous not vengeful.
From a global systems level Einstein suggested we have to ways of solving our problems. Talk it out or fight it out. He and other wise souls have long offered the "rule of law" instead of the "law of war". Einstein also defined "independence" is a "delusion" that exists nowhere in the known universe. And 1776 (months before "the unanimous declaration of thirteen united States of America" was signed with zero mention of independence in its title or text). Thomas Paine wrote that the only purpose of government (given our need to live with others without violence) was to protect people's freedom and security. And those who signed the Declaration and the US Constitution were clear that their Constitution was not fit for a non-virtuous people. It had failed abide by the declaration's foundation of "Truths" we should all "hold to be "self-evident"-- "the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God". My personal translation of this after working 4.5 decades as a professional Issues Director for several globally focused organization can be summarized in 10 easy to understand unambiguous words. "Keep people and nature healthy." "Don't believe everything you think".
This makes our mental health the most important element of decision making for our species. Without a healthy mind, we cannot have a healthy a body, spirit, family, community, environment, government, economy... And prevention is the key to health. Had we as a nation had kept our flag pledge of "Liberty and Justice for All" 9-11 would have never happened.
The greatest US foreign war blunder since Vietnam would not have been our military reaction to the horrendous attacks on Sept, 11, 2001 - by waging a Global Warm Against Terrorism (GWAT). This only validated the attacker’s self-image as warriors. Instead we could have identifying them as mass murdering criminals and rallied the world in bring them to justice. We chose the law of force instead of the greater force of the rule of law -- a government established by and for the people, with a justice system that effectively protects their freedoms and their security.
But, what we have now are more wars, many more mass murdering violent extremists, and damage to nature both here in the US and globally. Enemies willing to sacrifice their own lives to try and kill US troops and civilians - of the government responsible for killing theirs. And daily these violent extremists are gaining numbers plus more powerful, affordable, invisible, ubiquitous, and even anonymous technologies that are capable of killing millions. Or just disrupting ever aspect of our comfortable lives.
It's tragic, that after 9-11 most Americans and US policy makers were truly shocked by the 9-11 ‘surprise attack’. Most were either unaware or didn’t care of the horrendous death tolls of other innocent souls in post-World War II caused by US wars, conflicts, and murderous covert ‘activities’ globally. .
When I first came to Washington to work on global hunger
issues in 1988 I had become well aware of our public ignorance of the consequences of many US policies. Global actions that had terrorized and killed innocent people for decades. Events justified for our national security that left others beyond our shores terrified and angry. Because of this I was fearful being in Washington DC. My first job I worked directly across the street from
the Hart Senate office building. My desk
was on the second floor of the American Friends Service Committee building
looking out a window at that building on a daily basis - and remembering the 1983 Beirut bombing
of the US Marine Barracks that killed 241 soldiers. I occasionally practiced ducking below my desk to avoid any flying glass and debris from a
truck bomb that was easy to imagine knowing US history. Later when Timothy McVeigh killed 168 federal employees including some children in the day care facility on the first floor of that Federal building...I first suspected it was American Indians taking revenge for our nation's murderous crimes against their tribes and theft of their lands.
But it was in 1980 when approximately 42,000 children were dying every day globally from easily preventable malnutrition and infectious diseases that Jimmy Carter’s bipartisan
Presidential Commission on World Hunger changed my world view. It concluded that if humanity failed to end the worst aspects of this hidden holocaust by the year 2000, its commissioners specifically
warned Americans that “The most potentially explosive force in the world today is the
frustrated desire of poor people to attain a decent standard of living. The
anger, despair, and often hatred that result represent real and persistent
threats to international order… Neither the cost to national security of
allowing malnutrition to spread nor the gain to be derived by a genuine effort
to resolve the problem can be predicted or measured in any precise,
mathematical way. Nor can monetary value be placed on avoiding the chaos that
will ensue unless the United States and the rest of the world begin to develop
a common institutional framework for meeting such other critical global
threats… Calculable or not, however, this combination of problems now
threatens the national security of all countries just as surely as advancing
armies or nuclear arsenals.”
In my view, the only legitimate use of the word “Terrorism”
is the emotion a parent feels if their child’s life is in danger. And when a child dies, this is the worst of all
human experiences. There has been a decline in child deaths over the last 4 decades but still 11,000 to 13,000 die daily. And avoiding that horror would be easy now if there were the political will. But instead it has gotten easier to ignore and been allow
to continue, by ignoring the cuts that are now being made to proven measures to reduce
maternal and child mortality rates. Its a crime these are now climbing again.
Carter’s commission also stated “that promoting economic
development in general, and overcoming hunger in particular, are tasks far more
critical to the U.S. national security than most policymakers acknowledge or
even believe. Since the advent of nuclear weapons, most Americans have been conditioned
to equate national security with the strength of strategic military forces. The
Commission considers this prevailing belief to be a simplistic illusion. Armed
might represents merely the physical aspect of national security. Military
force is ultimately useless in the absence of the global security that only
coordinated international progress toward social justice can bring.”
We had been warned...and thus, today’s world is experiencing the consequences of ignoring this commission’s warnings of increases in “diseases”, “international terrorism”, “war”, “environmental problems” and “other human rights problems” (refugees, genocide, human trafficking…).
And today's Washington Post opinion pieces and remembrances of 911 25 years later, it appears we have learned nothing. Douglas J. Feith, Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute who served as undersecretary of defense for policy from 2001 to 2005 made mostly excuses for GWAT with zero mentioned of the persistent warnings before 9-11. Shockingly in 2001, seven months before the attacks, the 3rd and final annual report of President Clinton’s bipartisan
Commission on National Security in the 21st Century (also
known as the ‘Hart-Rudman’ Commission) was released. It clearly warned that terrorism was our
nation’s greatest threat. We and US leaders
were warned that ‘Americans should prepare to die in large numbers on American soil’.
It wasn't by luck that on September 10, 2001—the day before the attacks—Senator
Joe Biden, as chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee spoke at the
National Press Club about the growing terrorist threat to the United States. And the following morning, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists turned four commercial airliners
into weapons, killing nearly 3,000 people.
With all the earlier warnings this combination is
historically shameful. After multiple
senior national-security warnings existed before the attack, the country
had failed to take seriously or enacted any of their recommendations to
patch up the obvious gaps in our security. Factually, our government’s 'independent' agencies simply couldn’t imagine our nation’s inevitable vulnerabilities to the
inevitable interdependent forces of technology empowered by understandable human
passions. Powerful feelings due to decades
of murderous US foreign policy that termed the mass killings of millions of
innocent people in other nations as “collateral damage”.
Combined with our nations new leaders after the year 2000 unwilling
to sustain support the global creation of the International Criminal Court - due
to fears that a few US policy makers, military leaders, or US troops would be held
accountable by a foreign institution for war crimes, crimes against humanity,
and genocide. As a Pope once said “No
justice. No peace”
Before 9-11 US law forbid the CIA and the FBI to work together
to protect US National security. This
still makes our US Constitution’s 4th Amendment a national suicide clause. Economic privacy is a freedom that comes with
growing security costs. Laws or beliefs that Americans are ‘independent’
from our government’s freedoms of action are insane. And “We the people” largely accept that our comforts,
carelessness, lack of compassion, and cluelessness are freedoms without consequences
-- when they impact the health and lives of billions of people and nature beyond
our shores. This will not end well.
Worse yet, our government already knew that
information-sharing was a serious problem before 9/11. The 9/11
Commission later found that separate reviews in 1999, 2000 and 2001 had
concluded that information sharing wasn’t occurring adequately.
October 26, 2001 — USA PATRIOT Act - was one of the
first major post-9/11 legislative responses. It substantially broke down the
legal barriers that had become known as “the wall” between
intelligence and law-enforcement investigations. The 9/11 Commission later
concluded that the wall had seriously impeded the investigation of Khalid
al-Mihdhar, Nawaf al-Hazmi and Zacarias Moussaoui.
Then, about 45 days after 9/11, a major part of
the information-sharing problem was addressed legislatively. November 25, 2002 — Homeland Security Act.
Roughly 14½ months after 9/11, Congress created
the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This was substantially
along the lines of Hart-Rudman’s recommendation for a centralized
homeland-security organization. The
Hart-Rudman idea had already been introduced in Congress before 9/11 but had
stalled.
In 2004 came the 9/11
Commission recommendations. It concluded
that the US needed to go much further. It recommended:
- a National Counterterrorism Center
- a Director of National Intelligence
- a government-wide information-sharing network
- stronger congressional oversight
- better organization of homeland defenses.
December 17, 2004 —
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
Congress finally enacted the legislation creating the Director
of National Intelligence (DNI) and substantially restructuring the
intelligence community.
But there is a difference between recognizing
a problem and actually changing the system. In early 2001 Hart-Rudman essentially said ‘The
homeland is vulnerable, the government is poorly organized, and we need a
fundamentally different national-security structure’ but was largely ignored or stalled before 9/11.
The Washington Post reported just 10 days after the attacks that
Hart and Rudman had briefed senior officials and Congress, but their
recommendations had received little momentum; the proposed legislation had
received only one hearing and then stalled. Who is to blame. Who will be held accountable. Ignorant and comfortable Americans are to
blame. And we are now still avoiding accountability
by ignoring why OBL decide to attack us.
His
grievances were not invented out of thin air. From his point of view and experiences witnessing
the abuse of US military power and the impact on the lives of Arabs he made his
decision to justify the murder civilians, as the US has done too many times –
and continues to this day as justifiable.
In bin Laden’s October 29, 2004 videotaped message, he
explicitly connected his decision to attack the US with what he had witnessed
during the 1982 Israeli invasion and siege of Lebanon. He said that when
he saw the destruction of the towers in Beirut, he thought about destroying
towers in America so that Americans would “taste some of what we are
tasting.”
More specifically, he said that the events that affected him
directly began in 1982, when America permitted the Israeli invasion of
Lebanon and supported it with the U.S. Sixth Fleet. He described seeing
destroyed buildings, people killed and injured, and children and women
suffering. He then said that the experience produced a determination to “punish
the unjust” and that the destruction of the Lebanese towers led him to
think about destroying towers in America.
There’s a connection here that’s
easy for many Americans who ignore the news to miss.
1982: Israel invades
Lebanon; Beirut is heavily bombarded.
1983: A suicide truck
bomber destroys the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut, killing 241 Americans.
1996: Bin Laden explicitly
referred to the Beirut attack as an example of American military defeat.
1998: He told an
interviewer that the Nairobi embassy bombing was significant because Americans
had not experienced such a blow since the bombing of the Marines in
Lebanon.
Then there’s an especially revealing statement from his 1998
interview with ABC’s John Miller, preserved by PBS. When asked whether his
jihad applied to American civilians as well as soldiers, bin Laden said he
did not distinguish between military and civilian Americans and explicitly
defended retaliation against civilians.
Current US military actions don’t often make that moral mistake.
But sanctions can be more deadly than
war. And they are directly targeted to force a population to pressure their
leaders. Including sanctions and even
some unintended by deadly military actions on Iraq during the fist Gulf War in
1991.
OBL’s three most commonly cited grievances were:
- U.S.
troops in Saudi Arabia After
the 1991 Gulf War, thousands of U.S. troops remained in Saudi Arabia, home
to Mecca and Medina. He considered
this an occupation of Islamic holy land and made withdrawal of U.S. forces
a central demand. The U.S. military presence was real and
politically controversial in Saudi Arabia, including among some Saudis. But using it to justify mass murder was
an extremist interpretation. The Saudi government itself had invited U.S.
forces.
2. U.S.
support for Israel and the treatment of Palestinians. Bin Laden repeatedly
condemned American political, military and financial support for Israel,
particularly regarding Palestinians and Israeli control of territories. The 9/11 Commission explicitly
identified U.S. Middle East policies, including support for Israel, as
grievances that bin Laden exploited. It’s true that Palestinians
genuinely experienced displacement, occupation, violence, murder, and denial of
political rights, and U.S. policy strongly supported Israel. For him it was a legitimate justification for
attacking Americans randomly given his lack of sophisticate military hardware. While Americans believe they have no control
over US policies, what other options would OBL have?
3. U.S.
policy toward Iraq: Bin Laden
condemned the economic sanctions imposed on Iraq after the Gulf War and
repeatedly cited the suffering of Iraqi civilians. The sanctions did cause enormous hardship and
a serious humanitarian crisis. The United States was a principal participant in
maintaining them. And there was a
substantial humanitarian problem. This was not something bin Laden fabricated. His logic, “U.S. policy is causing deaths and
suffering” thus, “Americans may be murdered”.
Bin Laden’s grievances were real, his diagnosis was
distorted, and his prescription was monstrous.
But from his perspective, what else could he do to. Nuclear states hold a bit of terror over
everyone. And the most powerful states
rationalize this terror as a solution to their fears.
The 9/11 Commission concluded that bin Laden
deliberately exploited grievances that were widely shared in parts of
the Muslim world, while combining them with an extremist ideological
project aimed at restoring a radically conceived Islamic order. Our war response
to his crimes against humanity was a gift…that keeps on giving his warriors a
rational for mass murder and disruption.
His ideology included the belief that violence could drive
the United States out of the Muslim world and demonstrate that a superpower
could be defeated, as he did with the Soviets in Afghanistan. That’s logical…and useful for recruiting and
motivating suicide bombers.
For us to prevent terrorism, we need to understand
legitimate grievances and underlying drivers without confusing understanding
a perpetrator with agreeing with what a perpetrator does…and
apply it to our own policies.
The striking historical lesson here: the 9/11 Commission
itself acknowledged that U.S. policies in the Middle East provided grievances
that bin Laden exploited. Is American policy responsible
for 9/11? That depends on which
side of the bombs you are on. Effective
prevention requires looking honestly at both the perpetrator and the
environment in which his ideology gained traction.
There ae half a dozen underlying psychological,
political, religious and biological/social drivers that can turn grievances
into terrorism. These fit very well
with the mental-health prevention session the world needs now.
Grievance does not have to become a cause, and a cause does
not have to become a justification. Millions of people can experience the
same grievance without becoming violent. Consider the Vietnam war and the death toll of
a few million that our nation caused there.
The prevention question is what turns grievance into a willingness to
harm others? And what can overcome that
desire for vengeance?
Seven interacting drivers of terrorism
1. Grievance
and real or perceived injustice: Political
repression, occupation, discrimination, civilian casualties, humiliation,
poverty or exclusion can provide the emotional fuel. Importantly, the grievance can be real,
exaggerated, selectively remembered, or deliberately manufactured.
2. Identity
and belonging: People who feel alienated or powerless may find a powerful
identity in a movement that tells them: You belong to us; your
suffering has meaning; you have a purpose.
The individual identity becomes fused with the group’s identity.
- A
compelling ideological narrative:
Extremist movements simplify a complicated world into “us
versus them.” They provide a villain, an explanation for suffering and
a supposedly heroic solution. This
is where bin Laden transformed political grievances into a global
religious war.
- Dehumanization
of the perceived enemy: Violence
becomes easier when opponents are no longer viewed as individual human
beings but as members of an evil collective. The psychological progression
can be roughly:
“They are hurting us” → “They are our enemies” → “They are evil” → “They deserve what happens to them.” - Social
reinforcement and group dynamics:
Radicalization rarely occurs entirely inside someone’s head. Friends, charismatic leaders, online
communities and tightly bonded organizations can reinforce increasingly
extreme beliefs. The group can
reward sacrifice and punish doubt.
- Personal
vulnerability and a search for significance: Not every terrorist is mentally ill—and
mental illness by itself is not a good predictor of terrorism. But loneliness, humiliation, trauma,
failure, identity crisis, desire for status, anger and a need for meaning
can make an extremist narrative particularly attractive. The organization can turn a person’s
private pain into a perceived heroic mission.
- Opportunity, capability and permission: Anger alone doesn’t produce terrorism. There must eventually be some combination of access, skills, recruitment, resources, leadership and opportunity. The critical psychological threshold is when violence becomes not merely imaginable but morally permissible.
A prevention model?
GRIEVANCE → ANGER → IDENTITY → NARRATIVE → GROUP REINFORCEMENT →
DEHUMANIZATION → MORAL PERMISSION → CAPABILITY → VIOLENCE
With many off-ramps along the way. And ‘prevention’ is particularly powerful: Don’t wait for the perpetrator. Prevent
the pathway to perpetration.
Important: there is no single “terrorist
personality.” Most people who experience trauma, injustice,
humiliation, ideological exposure or alienation never become violent. Terrorism
generally emerges from an interaction among individual vulnerabilities,
social relationships, ideology, political circumstances and opportunity.
This makes prevention much broader than simply trying to
identify “dangerous people.” It means reducing the conditions that make
extremist explanations attractive while simultaneously protecting people from
those who choose violence.
Within the SDG framework, this creates connections to
education, decent work, reduced inequalities, strong institutions, health,
social inclusion and peaceful communities aren’t merely humanitarian goals. These
can also reduce some of the conditions that extremist organizations
exploit. SDG 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions) and SDG 17
(partnerships) are especially relevant—but prevention work spans most of the 17
goals starting with child survival and mental health education - the twin engines
of development.
The humanity has more than enough money, solutions, and
resources to make heaven on earth. We
only lack the unity of political will…and will to beat truth decay.