Saturday, March 28, 2020

World Health Day April 7: Urgent call to host Webcasts.


Proposal for World Health Day (April 7, 2020) webcast conferences on “Preventing and Preparing for the next Pandemic: $ trillions available for funding the 17 SDGs.”
Memes can be more contagious as virus genes.  And memes spread faster. 
“Before you finish eating breakfast in the morning, you've depended on more than half of the world. This is the way our universe is structured; this is its interrelated quality. We aren't going to have peace on earth until we recognize this basic fact of the interrelated structure of all reality.” Martin Luther King, Jr. 
The world has usually looked to the U.S. for leadership in times of crisis. The rapid evolution of Covid19 events however has dramatically narrowed the vision of every individual, institution, nation, news source, and action proposal to reactionary efforts.  Obviously, we want to reduce the number and likelihood of deaths, job losses, travel restrictions, shortages of critical supplies, and a global economic depression. But something else needs to be considered: Preventing and preparing for the next pandemic — even while engaged in grappling actively with this crisis.   
The U.S. and China will continue to compete for dominance in a post Covid19 world. Both systems were slow in reacting to this virus, and now both have played useful roles in reacting to it. China’s authoritarian response slowed its spread there and the U.S. economic response is mitigating it here.   But both governments’ limitations – economically, politically and environmentally – have been exacerbated by the fact that their efforts have been made in national isolation. Global cooperation is vital to the success of future efforts to confront the inevitable next crisis. For the sake of sustaining freedom, security and prosperity, those global efforts must begin now.   
Because the logistical power of the military is unmatched, they have a critical role to play in these efforts. In a worst-case scenario, even police powers may need to be marshaled.   Comprehensively utilizing the U.S. military’s global reach in service of healthcare research and delivery of clinical services would deploy a global system that is already in place – and therefore has the potential to prevent and respond better to other global upheavals the world cannot prevent.  
Here are the military’s four fundamental tenets:
1.   Early detection
2.   Rapid Response
3.   Research and Development
4.   Prevention
This comprehensive approach is the essential core of any successful response to future global threats.  Each person, organization, corporation, and nation in the world has a role to play. And, there are basically three places to act.  First, where we are now (in our body, home, city) which can be extremely costly in lives and dollars - uncoordinated and late.  Second, at the political lines we have drawn to separate us and attempt to restrict flows across those borders (also expensive and rarely unsuccessful.  Or last, at the origin of the problem where resources are usually most cost effective. 
Acting in cooperation on a global level is demonstrably one of the most difficult challenges for humans.  Our minds focus on the close and immediate problems rather than the more distant systemic weaknesses that exist at multiple levels (city, state, nation and global). The paradox is that we are all hyperlinked in our irreversibly interdependent world. Our lives and our freedoms depend on the health of systems and structures at every level of our existence.  Every natural and human engineered system known to exist are irreversibly interconnected.  Our minds and our government policies see them as independent problems to be solved.  This is the critical concept our minds must overcome, and then act on, if we truly value - and want to preserve - our cherished freedoms, our security and sustainable prosperity. 
Viruses are the tiniest and most powerful structures that link us all together. The greatest advancements in human history came after the invention of the microscope, which revealed a formerly invisible enemy.  That discovery exponentially increased human understanding of the natural world we all inhabit.   However, microscopes could not see viruses. They remained invisible, despite the enormous death tolls they caused. 
Today we can see them. And we’ve known for well over 100 years we can sometimes protect ourselves against them. Before the U.S. became a nation, our continental army’s strength was boosted by the knowledge that exposure to cow pox protected individuals against the dreaded smallpox. 
By the late 1970s, smallpox had been eradicated from the planet — after killing more people in the previous 70 years than all the wars, revolutions, genocides and homicides during the entire century, combined.  That global medical miracle was funded by the United States at a cost of just $32 million, spent over a 10-year period.  To put it in perspective, the U.S. Government Accounting Office documented the cost savings to U.S. taxpayers from that one-time $32 million global investment at over $17 billion: a staggering profit in terms of global health, economics and security.  
Imagine the present-day dollar savings alone if China or the U.S. had developed a Covid19 vaccine before the virus started to spread. Or, if a global primary health care system had already been established to identify it within days after it first emerged.  In contrast, the U.S. Congress has just passed a $2 trillion package (others are likely to follow) for the sole benefit of the U.S. economy. That amount doesn’t include other costs already associated with our slow reactions to the outbreak — or virtually any funding to mitigate the virus’ spread outside our borders. It appears that the lessons that the U.S. might have learned from the crucial role it played in the global eradication of smallpox have been forgotten. The likely unrest caused by increasing economic hardships caused by Covid19 will inevitably have global effects on more violence, crime, refugees, hate and expenses that a comprehensive international response could have prevented.
Have we learned anything since 2008? Will bailing out the airlines aid our Covid19 response? After the 9/11 attacks an airline passenger’s tax was added to pay for increased airline security measures. Now we can see how short-sighted that “security” policy was, as we realize that all aircraft are virtual incubators for Covid19 contagion. With more foresight, high airline profits could have been devoted to strengthening global primary health, basic education, and essential food systems wherever those planes land around the globe. 
Humans, like fire departments, are generally good at responding to emergencies. But, like fire departments, when the figurative flames have gone out, we go home. Our brains seem to be hard-wired to respond to immediate, dramatic threats. Analyzing less dramatic elements in order to anticipate larger, more dangerous threats is a much bigger challenge for our Pleistocene brains. But, if we have any desire to head off the inevitable next, potentially even deadlier pandemic, that’s exactly what we must learn to do. 
It would be wise to heed the World Health Organization’s estimate that half of ALL the world’s deaths from infectious diseases could be eliminated –— ELIMINATED — with universal access to clean water and adequate sanitation. This would require expenditures of approximately $150 billion more than the world is already contributing to this effort.  It’s not hard to imagine that any place lacking basic sanitation only exacerbates the spread of fecal contaminants, which is one of the vehicles of contagion for Covid19. And meeting other fundamental human needs like basic education, primary health care and adequate nutrition has the potential to prevent most of the world’s other infectious diseases. 
An argument might be made that, because most of us in the U.S. have access to clean water and sanitation, we have no reason for concern. Okay. But remember that it is the lowest paid and poorest people in the world that are growing, harvesting, shipping and preparing much of the food we eat. There is no longer any basis for denying our global interconnections. It is not arguable. It is a fact. Preventing illness in one country or on one continent protects all the others. Allowing one part of the world to suffer filth and illness puts everyone at risk.
But prevention obviously isn’t enough. Viruses mutate. And Corona-type viruses are RNA based, meaning they mutate even more. Already there are various Covid19 strains that could eventually hamper vaccine development. 
Viruses can also exchange gene segments (viral sex if you will). It’s believed that the so-called 1918 “Spanish Flu” actually originated on a Kansas farm where a pig virus and bird virus swapped gene segments. One unconfirmed report suggested Covid19 was a combination of a snake and bat virus.  Viruses are also human engineered intentionally for pandemic preparedness and bioweapons research and defense. As the former WHO D.C. office Director Nelle Temple Brown once said “Things change! Can we?”  
Mutating pathogens are just one of six other key factors that must be considered in any comprehensive approach to preventing future pandemics and improving response capacity to them.
1. Travel and Trade.  (I don’t understand that first sentence, and the second one seems to get right to the point.) Unregulated trade and travel give pathogens an advantage of easily moving from areas of higher infection rates in poor nations by healthy vacationers, business people, or troops heading home.  Wealthy travelers visiting areas with impoverished and malnourished people who lack basic health service happens millions of times a week. On the other hand, restricted trade and travel can hurt local low wage economies by creating shortages of vital needs and make these more expensive for poor people to acquire. 
2. Poverty (lack of clean water, sanitation, basic education, primary health care service, and adequate nutrition). Although poverty and its accompanying deprivation of basic needs are crucial contributors to the spread of disease (and unrest), policies that would mitigate these conditions are unlikely to be enacted without unprecedented political will. 
3. Environmental factors: Global warming increases spread of mosquitoes and other critters that spread disease.  Extinction of species eliminates valuable natural genetic resources for advancing vaccine and antibiotic development.  Human encroachment into remote areas exposes humans to previously encountered pathogens.  Increased chemical pollutants can increase viral and bacterial mutations. All of these conditions are likely to increase without political will. 
4. Reliance on technology: Mass production of foods and medicines can amplify human errors and increase systemic vulnerabilities to cyber or conventional disruptions, which are likely to increase. Invasive medical procedures increase use of antibiotics and thus antibiotic-resistant strains. With increases in aging populations, injuries, elective surgeries, wars, and human error due to lack of education, training, and mental health services the increasing loss of our antibiotic arsenal will cause the deaths of millions of people a year. 
5. War, genocide, and ethic cleaning; Population displacement means breakdown of health systems and movement of malnourished and diseased populations.  War related injuries means increased use of antibiotics, which also weakens our antibiotic arsenal and can be linked to the development of bioweapons. Not coincidentally, all these potential disasters are likely to increase if the underlying driving forces of poverty and human rights violations are not addressed. 
6. Government dysfunction. Government’s lack of political will to invest in prevention factors on multiple levels.  Without large-scale, global rejection of nationalistic short-sighted political interests and the simultaneous recognition of international connection, governments will continue to underfund and even cut funding for vital global prevention programs. And, be more resistant to cooperative initiatives that could lower the risk of new infectious diseases, pathogen mutations, and rapid use of vital resources when they arise. 

Government’s institutional reliance on independent agencies to deal with interdependent problems that require comprehensive solutions is rarely helpful. Government’s continued reliance on unenforceable global norms also stymies comprehensive global solutions. Government failure to address corruption that drains essential financial resources away from productive domestic or global public health services. 
Government secrecy and its repression of public communications, movement, innovations and individual economic initiatives also limit local capacity for addressing public health threats.  
Freedom vs Security.  Or maximizing freedom and security. Libertarians frequently make the argument that we should have the right to fail or succeed.  But with infectious diseases individual freedoms can carry a lethal or debilitating burden on the rest of us whenever an individual act irresponsibly.  This should be self-evident even beyond humanity's greatest threat - infectious diseases.  Use of drugs, careless driving or gun ownership can harm others even when no infectious diseases are involved. During this pandemic one would be ill advised to end up in a hospital for any reason. 
Irresponsible actions primarily occur when we believe that we are independent from one another.  As individuals or nations.  Such a belief tends to limit concerns for the impact on others.  This thinking ultimately encourages irresponsible actions on multiple levels. Depending on the situation, such action can lead to unexpected lethal or catastrophic consequences.   
Ultimately, as sovereign individuals we are all free to do whatever we want. But we will never be free of the consequences. Corporations or U.S. states are free to develop their own tests or vaccines in response to Covid19.  They might come up with one that works perfectly. But the rest of us will pay the consequences for unanticipated, unnoticed, unrecorded, or unreported failures.   U.S. cities and states can enact any quarantine laws or regulations their legislature passes.  Individuals will choose to obey or ignore them depending on their beliefs and level of empathy for others. Some will pay the ultimate price of those laws being ignored.   
What’s missing is a responsible comprehensive system for best reducing or eliminating the creation, mutation and/or spread of infectious diseases.  The world has had one since 2015.  It’s the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).  And they address each of the seven public health determinants listed above.  This plan offers the most comprehensive pandemic prevention insurance as well as the most effective response capacity for any outbreak that we could not prevent. 
In addition, achieving these goals by the year 2030 would also aid in the prevention or reduced threat of other catastrophic threats like global warming, war, genocide and terrorism.  And enable humanity to better deal with these and other threats that can never be prevented. 
There are two irreversibly connected factors now missing at this critical point in time. Both are needed to enable humanity to move urgently forward on the SDGs.  One is funding.  The other is a lack of political will to get it.
Governments are deep and dangerously in debt.  And it is their limited government money (our tax dollars) that has resulted in a non-zero-sum game that forces individuals, organizations, states and even government agencies to all compete against one another for a limited amount of resources. The same competition applies for limited private funds, media attention, and access to policy makers. 
Breaking that money game would require a new and enormous amount of money that would be potentially available for the movement capable of mobilizing the greatest clout.    Incredibly, a different and monstrous source of funding does exist.  And most of it should have been going to basic human health and environmental needs all along. 
Watch the 2019 Meryl Streep movie that she produced and starred in titled “Laundromat”.  It’s about money laundering. A 2017 Washington Post “myth” buster column referred to a 2014 study that estimated there’s at least $32 trillion stashed in offshore accounts put there by kleptocrats, oligarchs, drug cartels, violent extremist groups and wealthy capitalists avoiding taxes.  
One piece of US legislation aimed at freezing and then seizing most of this illicit money could fund the SDGs could motivate the environmental movement, peace movement, and economic/social Justice movement to come together into an unstoppable “Movement of Movements” (MoM).  This is what Naomi Klein called for at the 2014 Climate march when she insisted that event was not just about global warming. With tens of trillion dollars on the table thousands of organizations within each movement could finally come together for an unstoppable, common, comprehensive, just and sustainable agenda.  I don’t think it’s too optimistic to believe other national grassroots movements would join in.   
If Covid19 doesn’t make this MoM come together for all mothers around the world, mother nature, and our mother planet, perhaps our species isn’t worth saving. 
Who in their right mind would be against maximizing humanities freedom and security sustainably for future generations?   Laws helped create offshore accounts and governments virtually ignore them. And we the people ignored the governments. The corruption in our global economic system is not a glitch. It has been a cog in the system's wheel of inequality.
“We the people” can change this.  But we must exercise our God-given sovereignty to engineer a future where the protection of human rights is supreme to the freedom of governments and corporations to do as they please.  There will be no world government anytime soon.  But it is possible to sustainably and responsibly maximize our most cherished freedoms, vital security, and perpetual prosperity.  Its no secret that there are also extraordinary resources devoted to non-useful, even destructive measures that could also be tapped once the fear that too many people rationally experience disappears.  It would be a real ‘peace and security’ dividend. 
We U.S. citizens can mobilize in the context of keeping the pledge we have all given (all elected officials, sports fans and military service members) hundreds of times, before our flag.  We pledged “liberty and justice for all.”
Instead of fighting each other for paltry federal and state budget scraps we can come together to defeat Covid19 and prevent the evolution of other pathogens, unprecedented weaponry, or more environmental insults.  Each threatening our freedoms and our security. 
If not now, when? If not this, what? If not us, who? Our children? 
We can’t wait. Time is not on our side. God might be. But the only thing that moves faster than the genes of viruses across borders are the memes we can share when merging our hearts and minds using our cyber domain.  
This World Health Day, April 7th, host, organize or participate in a webcast event to make these key points and begin organizing for the mother of all campaigns.  What else are you going to do while physical distancing?
The world is one. We must become one voice. Or prepare for more consequences. 

“One touch of nature makes the whole world kin” William Shakespeare
(anticipating on Covid-19?)

"Humankind has not woven the web of life. We are but one thread within it. Whatever we do to the web, we do to ourselves. All things are bound together. All things connect." - Chief Seattle, Duwamish (1780-1866) 

"A human being is part of the whole, called by us 'Universe'; a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings, as something separated from the rest - a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and affection for a few persons nearest us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole nature in its beauty. Nobody is able to achieve this completely, but striving for such achievement is, in itself, a part of the liberation, and a foundation for inner security."
-Albert Einstein. Quantum Reality, Beyond the New Physics, p.250.

 “All this is simply to say that all life is interrelated. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality; tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. As long as there is poverty in this world, no man can be totally rich even if he has a billion dollars. As long as diseases are rampant and millions of people cannot expect to live more than twenty or thirty years, no man can be totally healthy, even if he just got a clean bill of health from the finest clinic in America. Strangely enough, I can never be what I ought to be until you are what you ought to be. You can never be what you ought to be until I am what I ought to be.”  ― Martin Luther King Jr.

Africans speak of ubuntu (humanity), often translated as “I am because we are.”




Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Who's to blame for Covid-19?



The Covid-19 blame game is as out of control as the virus.  This was as inevitable as our human resistance to accountability.   Liberals blame Trump.  Conservatives blame Obama or illegal aliens.  American conspiracy theorists blame China’s bioweapons lab in Wuhan.  China and Russia hacks are blaming covert US military operations in China. The whole world is suffering economically. A few thousand dying.  And a lot more will in some nations more than others.  Why? Because of difference in their political systems, the level of their political dysfunction, their values, their economic standing, or their level of basic education.  Religion doesn’t appear to have much to do with it.  Unless one considers that most faith followers rarely practice the Golden Rule.  With nearly 12 to 15 thousand children dying EVERY 24 hours from easily preventable infectious disease - even without wars, genocides, terrorism, global warming, or Covid-19...it’s interesting how activated most comfortable humans get when their own health is unexpectedly threatened.  

In my relatively informed opinion (please read my 1996 Congressional testimony posted days earlier on this blog - or my ‘has-been’ credentials below) those who have renamed Covid 19 as the “boomer doomer disease” (BDD) are the closest to getting it right. 
  
We boomers (liberal, conservative and independent) collectively ignored every expert warning offered us over the last 2000 years (see Golden Rule) and particularly over the last 40 years (see conclusion of the 1980 US bipartisan Presidential Commission on World Hunger in my 1996 testimony), and (for the last 30 years) the dozens of other unanimous non-controversial bipartisan Presidential commissions, scientific studies, UN reports, think tank summaries, and intelligence agency conclusions.  Each document detailed clear warnings to anyone with an open and rational mind.  They are all dust collectors few have read, will read, or even seek for preventive solutions.
Meanwhile, thousands of non-profit organizations and their boomer leaders continue to ignore the fundamental principles that could prevent most pandemics.  These highly intelligent and committed leaders maintain a focus on their boomer board’s controlled priority issues (nuclear disarmament, religious freedom, public education, universal health care, tree planting, species extinction, global warming, cutting the US military budget, counter-terrorism, human trafficking, protecting international law, mental illness, democracy, invasive species, corruption, racism, refugees, immigration, privacy, peace in the Middle East, gun control…).  It’s a monster list of problems and threats that are all interconnected.  

And virtually all organizations continue to their focused practice ignoring the obvious need for a collective “Movement of movements”.  This was a plea made by Naomi Klein at the 2014 NY City Climate March.  This global event was attended by millions of people in hundreds of cities around the world on the same day.   She insisted that this progressive US and global gathering wasn’t just about climate change.  It represented all environmental issues, world peace, as well as global social and economic justice for all.   Each of these major movements address an array of issues that have zero respect for national borders, archaic human laws or popular public opinion.   And all issues need to be addressed simultaneously through a comprehensive, holistic, whole of government, and whole of society approach.   Unfortunately, nearly every nation is burdened by unsustainable debts perpetuated by reactionary policies instead of addressing root causes or systemic flaws.   Short sighted popular polices continue to waste tax dollars addressing the expensive consequences of problems that could have been prevented.  
 
Fortunately, there is no real shortage of money in the world if the political will is there.  Even if there’s a global recession sparked by the perfect storm of Covid-19, oil price war and a US election.  There remains one source of enormous wealth governments could tap without increasing taxes if they joined together to tap it.  A 2014 report estimates there is approximately $32 trillion in offshore accounts stashed there by kleptocrats, oligarchs, terrorists, drug cartels, and wealthy capitalists avoiding taxes.   Freezing and then ceasing some of these illicit assets could address each of the vital priorities that each of the major movements have always focused on.  They would only have to do one thing.  Cease competing with one another in this well-recognized unsustainable zero-sum game of seeking limited national tax dollars.  

Coming together in the mother of all grassroots movements could spark a transformational change in world priorities.  Instead they believe passing campaign finance laws will change things ignoring the fact that Hillary outspent Trump, Bernie outspent Biden, And Bloomberg outspent them all…and only won one remote Island primary.  Hopefully millennials will learn elections don’t really change things as much as creating the political will between elections.  Study the political power of liberal organization’s like RESULTS, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, or the conservative Tea Party successes.

Here are the closing sentences from Dan Rather’s recent letter to Americans.  “We are being tested. In part, it is because we have let ourselves get to this point. That is where we are. We cannot change the past. But we can work our might on the present, and then resolve to fix our weaknesses going forward.  It is easy to blame leadership. They deserve the blame they are getting. But the rot that led to this moment is more systemic. When we emerge from this crisis, and we surely will, we must follow a path of renewal and improvement of how we structure our society, its economy, its health, its social obligations, and its politics. We are seeing the cost of failure. We have no choice but to forge ahead. And forging into a better, more just future, has been the American way.  I, for one, continue to believe with all my heart, it will be that way yet again."

Mr. Rather is right about the systemic rot. But his optimism about our learning from this crisis is dangerous.  Optimism is one reason we didn’t learn from other past crisis’.  Studies of optimists show that they are less likely to achieve their goals because they tend to overlook the barriers to achieving them.  Pessimists don’t bother looking.  Realists, however, look carefully at the barriers and create tactics to overcome them.
 
I assert that our nation’s greatest systemic flaw is our unexamined worship of independence and the concept of national sovereignty that comes with it.  Independence was the founding principle referred to in our Declaration of Independence.  But engineering our government’s systems and structures on this mental construct that exists nowhere in the known universe of interdependent systems and structures is at best crazy.  At worst, suicide.  Covid 19 has exposed this mental and structural flaw of independence in tragic terms.  We are unimaginably dependent on everyone around us as well as each of the nations in the world.  Our steadfast independence at every level (individual, city, county, state, and national) is being ripped apart by the tiniest system and structure we call Covid-19.   But don’t count on us learning from the coming chaos. 

Not a single media source or policy maker that I’m aware of has even mentioned the simplest and most obvious actions needed to prevent most future pandemics.  They all talk about the need for a holistic or whole of government approach.  But none mention the obvious need for a whole world approach.  Not a single presidential candidate has mentioned the increasingly urgent need to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.  FYI they are not on track.  And if humanity fails to achieve them soon future pandemics or bioterror events will persist with even greater lethality and global costs.  

Human minds evolved to solve problems related to improving our chance of survival.  Now, instead of working together to maximize human freedom and security they defend silly concepts like ‘peace through strength, ‘market forces will solve it’, ‘elections matter’, or ‘national sovereignty’ – none of which are useful in addressing our greatest threat – natural or human engineered infectious disease.   The millions of deaths from World War II were in vein after the majority of boomer survivors rejected both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the goal of empowering the UN to enforce those inalienable rights.  Our nation’s original Constitutional system erred in putting states’ rights above human rights.  That led to a civil war that cost more American lives than all the wars our nation fought in since then…combined. 

It’s instructive to know that the one time the entire world did come together was for the global eradication of another virus called Smallpox.  In just 70 years of the last century Smallpox killed more people in the world than all the wars, revolutions, murders, and genocides combined during the entire century.  Proudly, it was the boomer generation that made that happen, but has never since applied that principle to any other global problem.  And global chaos been growing ever since.

For the last four decades the vast majority of voting age adults (many boomers) have elected policy makers who prioritized America’s self-interests.  They often talked the talk of human rights, but rarely walked the walk.  And America’s upper class, middleclass, and military defense priorities dominated or national budget fights.  This left America’s lower class fighting over scraps.  And the vital health needs of the bottom third of humanity relegated to licking boots and dirty bowls while 20% of humanity overindulged.  It’s difficult for most Americans to grasp the fact that if they make more than $30,000 a year, they are in the top 1% of humanity.  But their greatest error was the majority believing that elections would matter.  Between elections while the majority enjoyed unprecedented comforts the wealthy rigged the system.  They didn’t rig elections.   Approximately half of all eligible voters stayed home. And the other half voted using gut instinct, a single issue, or their party line.   Keeping their/our pledge of “liberty and justice for all” rarely entered their minds.  Elections are about majorities.  Majorities are not always right.

Before I became a ‘has-been’ I toured the US speaking on college campuses and at civic events educating young people and boomers about the growing array of national security threats our nation faced – largely as a result of four factors.  First, the exponential growth of technology that could be used for unprecedented good or horrific harm. Second, our minds difficulty in grasping this fundamental fact or the impact of exponential changes.   Third, the dysfunction of our government’s capacity to deal with any change.  And last, the predictable consequences that were inevitable given our public and political unwillingness to address the deadly root causes of global poverty, hunger, infectious diseases, environmental problems, lack of clean water, sanitation, education, and government repression.
In the mid-1990s the World Health Organization stated that half of all the world’s infectious disease could be eliminated with just clean water and sanitation.  I assert that 40-45 percent of the rest of the world’s infectious diseases could be eliminated by addressing the other factors listed above.  And the 5% of the biosecurity threats that we cannot prevent – they would be that much easier to deal with and recovered from -- if this comprehensive justice/human rights list were achieved.   That’s what the 17 Sustainable Goals could give us by 2030…if it’s not too late.   Gun sales this week went off the chart.  If you saw the 1984 Olympics in Sarajevo and the same city a year later -- you will have an idea of how fast - and how far - things can change when our minds lose focus of our greatest threat.
Today’s youth is rightfully focused on global warming and other environmental threats to our freedom, security and prosperity.  But if they fail to address the profound injustices (some diminished and others rapidly expanding) their beautiful and essential vision of a green future will never be achieved.

Few have heard of the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Even fewer have talked to their elected officials or questioned Presidential candidates about them.  But the SDGs remain the only holistic approach to maximizing human freedom, security and prosperity into the foreseeable future.  This is the giant hole in the holistic and whole of government approach now being chanted by every US policy maker, pundit, and presidential candidate.
There are now at least 60 strains of the Covid-19 virus.  Few average Americans remember that every pathogen undergoes constant mutations.  More killer viruses will emerge.  One could be like the Spanish flu that killed the young and healthy within 48 hrs of infection.  They drowned in their own body fluids as a result of an overreaction by their own immune systems.   And, we still haven’t found the cure for the common cold. 

Things change.  Can we?

cw’s ‘has-been’ credentials: Former:  Issues Director for the Global Health Council, Acton Board of the American Public Health Association, Issues Director for the World Federalist Association, and Chair of the United Nation’s Association Council of Organizations…



Thursday, March 12, 2020

1996 Testimony before House Foreign Operations Subcommittee of Appropriations.








April 25, 1996



Testimony by

Chuck Woolery, Director

Communication for Health Campaign



Before

 Congressman Sonny Callahan

Chairman of the

Foreign Operations Subcommittee of Appropriations

U.S. House of Representatives



Regarding Funding for International Health and Development Programs for Preventing the Spread of Infectious Diseases.





Thank you for allowing me as the Director of the Communication for Health Campaign to testify today regarding the prioritization of US foreign aid appropriations.



The World is in great change.   Within the context of this change, the appropriations made by this Subcommittee now constitute the basis for maintaining the security of the American people.   In the past, this Constitutional mandate was carried out by military strength.   Today, military strength alone can no longer protect Americans from the foreign threats now approaching and breaching our shores.  



The disturbing trend of new and re-emerging infectious diseases puts public and global health squarely in the realm of national security interests.   Numerous reports document the threat infectious diseases pose to American lives and prosperity, and identify them as a threat that will only grow in the coming years.  The rate and magnitude of that growth has been determined by our past neglect of poverty, environment and public health concerns.   Our continuing failure to address a host of critical international problems within this specific context promises us almost certain catastrophe.  



For some, the catastrophe is already here in the form of HIV/AIDS or multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis.   These two diseases already consume a large portion of our nation’s health expenses. 



AIDS was first recognized as a US problem in the early 1980s.  If we had been more interested in international health threats earlier, we could have started research to combat the AIDS virus as early as 1962 when it was first recognized by African physicians as the “slims” disease. 



After three decades of decline, TB in the US re-emerged as a major public health problem in the late 1980s.  Targeted federal funding brought it back under control but still, in 1995, TB outbreaks were investigated in churches, schools, dental offices, court rooms, trains, subways, neighborhood bars, racetracks and even on a river boat casino.   Until we control TB globally, we will continue to pay the expensive price for outbreaks here.  One outbreak in New York City in 1993-1994 cost the city over $90 million.  The world devotes less than half of that annually for the global control of TB.   



Infectious diseases spreading in US hospitals kill more Americans each year than all the American troops lost throughout the entire Vietnam conflict.   A significant number of these ‘domestic’ infectious diseases were imported from the harsh conditions of poverty abroad.  As these conditions worsen, the number and variations of microbes will continue to grow and move with the aid of modern transportation.   The actions of this Subcommittee, in regard to development and humanitarian assistance will have the greatest impact on the future security of the American people and control of these impending threats.  



The cost of stopping microbial threats at the gates of our cities or at our water's edge is no longer a practical option.  A handful of microbes can be stopped at the border but the vast majority cannot.  It would be prohibitively expensive to stop, test and quarantine every human or foreign product that crosses our borders or air space every day.   Reducing infectious diseases, terrorism, pollution, or even unemployment in America now requires our pro-active efforts to extend beyond US boarders.  Prevention there is far cheaper than dealing with these problems at our borders or in our cities.    That is the new profound opportunity of this Subcommittee  -  to impact the conditions of global poverty and chaos, that are the primary fuel feeding the health, economic, environmental and security threats now facing this nation.



The Communication for Health Campaign and NCIH represent over 120 member organizations including the American Medical Association, the American Public Health Association, American Dental Association, the American College of Preventive Medicine, the American Nurses Association, the American Association of Critical Care Nurses, 9 Schools of Public Health and dozens of other international medical and health related organizations.  These organizations and thousands of individual health care professionals urge this Subcommittee to re-examine its fundamental priorities in this new ‘national security’ context.  



This Subcommittee took two steps forward last year by establishing the "Child Survival and Disease Account”.  Unfortunately, it took a large step backward when it failed to appropriate sufficient funds to achieve its own recommendations.   The ‘Child Survival and Disease’ earmark of $484 million falls $127 million short of the levels it recommended for Child Survival ($254 million), UNICEF ($100 million), Polio ($25 million), AIDS ($129 million), and Basic Education ($108 million).  If we consider the absence of other expenditures needed to cure or prevent tuberculosis, provide clean water and sanitation, slow the spread of malaria and other tropical diseases, and support other vital health related programs, the total appropriated will be stretched even further.   USAID could divert other aid resources to meet these specific health needs but cannot do so without taking away from other vital programs; that in the long run, bring health, security and stability in the Third World, and ultimately to our shores.   Family planning and microenterprise programs are also important contributors to the health of individuals and communities.   Support for democracy and human rights also have an impact in reducing the chance of conflict that so often halts and even destroys health services.



The 52 words of the Preamble to our own Constitution now provide the perfect and most urgent rationale to solve this dilemma.



"We the people of the United States in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."



Nearly every American would agree that the primary role of any legitimate government is to provide for the defense of its citizens.  Reductions in development assistance over the last few years however, have reduced our health defenses, and dramatically increased our risks.



Article 1. Section 8. of the Constitution says that  “The Congress shall have Power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States..."



It does not suggest that the common defense and general welfare of the American people should be sacrificed to balance the budget.   That is indeed the scenario now being played out.



It is not hard to imagine a health crisis in this country where even Article 1. Section 9 of the Constitution “...The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus” would need to be “suspended”, when “the public safety may require it.”  



Article IV.  Section 4 of our Constitution states that “The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republic Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; ...”  The Constitution does not specify invasion from what.  I believe it is not a stretch of the imagination to claim that the framers of our Constitution had the protection of American citizens in mind when they agreed to this wording.    This Article has now been violated by the entry of AIDS, malaria, dengue fever, ebola, tuberculosis, cholera and perhaps a dozen other pathogens; and unfortunately, this is only the beginning.  Legal and illegal immigration certainly plays a role in the transportation of disease, but the greatest source of cross-border transport of pathogens is the result of legal domestic travelers dressed in business suits, army uniforms, and tourist or holiday attire.   More than 50 million people cross the US border each year.  Nearly half of the food we purchase and place on our kitchen table each evening has been imported from nations where the cheapest labor is hired for harvesting and processing the crops.  



Stopping the flow of people and goods would be prohibitively expensive if not impossible.  Yet at any given time approximately one-half of the world’s population is ill.   The heaviest concentration of pathogens is found in the developing world where fewer than half the world’s people try to make a living on less than $400 a year.  It is in these parts of the globe that we must implement comprehensive, preventive measures if we want to provide the greatest safety for American citizens.



Article VI says “...This Constitution and the laws of the United States...shall be the supreme law of the land.”   We are hopeful that the next law this body passes will reflect its solemn duty to provide for the defense and welfare of the American people. 



Over the last 50 years, the US Government has devoted trillions of dollars to a cold war to protect us from the possible threat of a communist aggressor.  While that threat remains a remote possibility today, we are guaranteed an onslaught of infectious diseases in the near and not too distant future.   This is not my opinion.  It is the findings of a National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine report published 3 years ago.   Since then the world has suffered an outbreak of bubonic plague in India, Ebola virus in Africa and new variations of tuberculosis within the US that are resistant to every antibiotic we now have in our health arsenal.   Perhaps this Subcommittee could provide the bold leadership needed to commit the US to a “hot war” to ensure our freedom from fever.   How easily we forget that the largest killer and disabler of men, women, children and even the unborn in the world is simple malnutrition and infection.   Our reliance on the progress of science to protect us has betrayed us.  The progress of pathogens to adapt to our arsenal of medicines promises to be the fight of our species.  It is truly an “us against them” war that needs to be waged.   We can destroy the majority of them at their base camp by ridding the world of the poverty related conditions in which they multiply, thrive, and strengthen. 



For the cost of a pair of B-2 bombers (bombers the Pentagon says it doesn’t want or need) we could launch such an offensive.   This minor investment could eradicate many diseases and greatly reduce our risk to a host of others.   No number of additional B-2 bombers can do that. 



In the closing paragraphs of The Coming Plague, aptly entitled “Searching for Solutions”, Laurie Garrett writes:

“The human world was a very optimistic place on September 12, 1978, when the nations’ representatives signed the Declaration of Alma Ata.   By the year 2000 all of humanity was supposed to be immunized against most infectious diseases, basic health care was to be available to every man, woman, and child regardless of their economic class, race, religion, or place of birth. 

        But as the world approaches the millennium, it seems, from the microbes’ point of view, as if the entire planet, occupied by nearly 6 billion mostly impoverished Homo sapiens, is like the city of Rome in 5 B.C.    “The world really is just one village.  Our tolerance of disease in any place in the world is at our own peril,” Lederberg [Nobel laureate for discovery of DNA] said.  “Are we better off today than we were a century ago?  In most respects, we’re worse off.   We have been neglectful of the microbes, and that is a recurring theme that is coming back to haunt us.”  

        In the end, it seems that American Journalist I.F. Stone was right when he said, “Either we will learn to live together or we will die together.”

        While the human race battles itself... the advantage moves to the microbes’ court.  They are our predators and they will be victorious if we, Homo sapiens, do not learn to live in a rational global village that affords the microbes few opportunities.  It’s either that or we brace ourselves for the coming plague.”



This new reality requires a radical shift in the way Americans relate to each other and to the rest of the world.   More weapons will not bring us more security.  In fact just the opposite may now be true.  



More Might!  More Fright!  More Plight!

In the modern world of disorder and dissolving nation states, the more US Military superiority we have, the less US national security we actually gain.  Maintaining or increasing US military strength has at least 4 negative consequences on the health of US citizens.   First, military spending usually distracts scarce financial resources from meeting basic human needs.   Every billion dollars spent today beefing up our military against a possible human aggressor means a billion dollars less for the programs essential to protecting Americans from the aggression of infectious diseases.   It is true that a small portion of military spending is spent in combating infectious diseases and more spent here could certainly be helpful.  However, more B-2 bombers or a new space based anti-missile defense system is just plain wasteful, in the face of this new threat.



Second, military units stationed abroad always return home bringing whatever health problems they have with them.  There may be as many as a quarter million troops stationed overseas at any given time.  Their interactions with foreign populations, combined with their rapid and regular travel habits contribute to globalizing health problems.  Sexually Transmitted Diseases, AIDS, anti-biotic resistance and a host of other communicable diseases are now in the pipeline.



Another increasingly important effect of ‘military might’ affecting public health falls in the category of terrorism.   As our military gains an undisputed level of superiority, we squelch the possibility of any overt enemy attack on our shores.   This squelching of overt aggression however, only increases our risks to covert aggression by any hostile individual, group or nation.   The bad news:   The ultimate weapon of affordability, ease of delivery, and effective human destruction is microbial in nature.   In the Conference report on the Anti-Terrorism bill passed last week, a Senator suggested that if this bill passed, it would help protect the American people.  This is a dangerous myth.  We are all entirely vulnerable to the misuse of lethal or crippling pathogens in nearly every aspect of our lives.  Any moderately intelligent person can find at least a dozen ways to infect hundreds if not thousands of people.  A 98 cent plastic misting bottle from any drug store, a dose of salmonella from any blend of raw eggs and a 20 second pass around any popular salad bar is just one example.  The Tokyo subway nerve gas attack last year killing 12 and injuring over 5,000 wasn't particularly creative (nerve gas in a paper bag).  The fact that members from this same sect went to Zaire posing as relief workers responding to the 1995 outbreak of ebola is, however, truly terrorizing.  Imagine the consequences in America if the unibomber, the Oklahoma City bomber or the Trade tower bombers had any training in basic microbiology.



Senator Hatch reminds us that the “possession of dangerous human pathogens, such as bubonic plague, anthrax...are...readily available to just about anyone...”   The December 30, 1995, Washington Post has a story with a headline that leaps off the page: `Man Gets Hands on Bubonic Plague Germ, but That's No Crime.' The story is more chilling than the headline. In Ohio, a white supremacist purchased three vials of the bubonic plague pathogen through the mail.  This was the same pathogen that wiped out about one-third of Europe in the Middle Ages. When the purchaser called the seller to complain about slow delivery, the sales representative got concerned about whether the caller was someone who really should have the bubonic plague in his possession. According to the story, the Ohio authorities were contacted. When police, public health officials, the FBI, and emergency workers in space suits scoured the purchaser's house, they found nearly a dozen M-1 rifles, smoke grenades, blasting caps, and white separatist literature, but no bubonic plague.  The deadly microorganisms were found in the glove compartment of his automobile, still packed as shipped...”



Investments in research on pathogens and the development of targeted treatments is a viable responsibility of government involvement.  We cannot wait for the market place to catch up with the mortality rate of Americans.



With the current level of global poverty, rapid means of global transportation and general lack of resources directed at improving the human condition, terrorists really don't have to do much of anything.  Our own lack of basic human services here for the US homeless and below-poverty populations means the spread of disease by normal factors is already a disaster waiting to happen.



The fourth military factor is related to 'peace keeping' and 'nation building'.  These traditionally non-military roles carry a certain element of risk by increasing American troop exposure to foreign populations.  Keeping peace and increasing a nation’s capacity to meet the immediate needs of its people is however, the best way to prevent or eliminate the chaotic conditions that give favor to pathogens in the first place.  International involvement carries a risk but it is a far greater risk to allow war and chaos to disrupt the health and well-being of any population.   US military capacity is still needed to protect us from an array of the traditional military threats but they can no longer alone protect American lives.  Even the Military recognizes this fact.



CISET Report:

Perhaps the most alarming, comprehensive and credible warning related to this issue, came last summer from the Committee on International Science, Engineering, and Technology (CISET) Working Group.  A report, co-authored by the Department of Defense, the National Security Council and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and a dozen other federal agencies, documented the emergence since 1973 of at least 30 new pathogen types and the re-emergence of dozens of previously controlled infectious diseases.   The report places infectious disease issues in the realm of national security.



“...any city in the world is only a plane ride away from any other.  Infectious microbes can easily travel across borders with their human or animal hosts.  In fact, diseases that arise in other parts of the world are repeatedly introduced into the United States, where they may threaten our national health and security.  Thus, controlling disease outbreaks in other countries is important not only for humanitarian reasons.  It also prevents those diseases from entering the United States, at great savings of US lives and dollars.”



(CISET report is available: http://www2.whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/html/cisetsum.html

For a copy of the report call CDC, 404-639-2603 or fax your request to 404-639-3039.)

[Updated 10-10-14   http://clinton1.nara.gov/White_House/EOP/OSTP/CISET/html/toc-plain.html.. Updated again 3-12-20: https://1997-2001.state.gov/global/oes/health/task_force/index.html.  ]



Other Sources:

A Washington Post article last June also pointed out that among all the infectious threats, the problem of increasing drug resistance may be the most serious, and America is no safe haven. 



Antibiotic resistance is on the rise...A few pay in illness and death.  The bill is going up every year... Once emerged, resistant bacteria spread quickly, sometimes via a single infected person traveling between countries.  Similarly rapid diffusion occurs in the microbial world [when] resistance...can pass from bacterium to bacterium, evolving in one enterprise, such as agriculture, and soon showing up in an unrelated one, such as medicine.  In the United States, resistance is everywhere - in childhood ear

infections, in venereal diseases, in TB, in surgical wounds and among the 60,000 deaths each year from hospital acquired infections.   In the developing world, antibiotics are the most common pharmaceuticals, and they often can be bought without a prescription.  Many people take them when they're not needed or don't take them long enough to cure an infectious completely.  Such practices, combined with high rates of infectious disease, make developing countries especially fertile breeding grounds for drug resistance.



In one high-profile example, the outbreak of dysentery that killed up to 15,000 Rwanda refugees last summer might have been less deadly if the strain of Shigella dysenteriae hadn't been resistant to five common antibiotics...



Epidemics, however, are not what experts fear from drug resistance.  Instead, they fear the slow erosion of history's most useful medicines...They fear that treating simple illnesses will become onerous and expensive, and that the number of mild illnesses taking complicated turns will rise.



"The old people in the nursing homes are going to die, and the young kids with ear infections are going to progress to mastoiditis, sinusitis, meningitis," said Calvin M. Kunin, a professor at Ohio State University School of Medicine and past president of the Infectious Disease Society of America. "I think there ought to be a new organization called MAMA, Mothers Against the Misuse of Antibiotics.  Because it's the mothers' children who are going to die."



...About 150 million courses of oral antibiotics are prescribed each year in the US.  Childhood ear infections are the single leading reason...Some experts estimate that as many as half the prescriptions written for antibiotics in the US are not needed or warranted on diagnostic grounds...



Whatever their source, drug-resistant germs are now such an unavoidable part of the environment that children get them as birthright.  In a study published five years ago, researchers analyzed the intestinal bacteria of infants and toddlers in three separated locales.  They found that 42% of sample from children in Qin Pu, China, were resistant to three or more antibiotics.  Multiple-drug resistance was found in 30% of children sampled in Caracas, Venezuela, and in 6% of children in Boston.   None of the children had recent exposure to antibiotics.



...For reasons that are quite mysterious, some microbes develop resistance to many antibiotics simultaneously...



One of the more important disease-causing bacteria in human beings is called Streptococcus pneumoniae.  Its resistance to penicillin is a huge problem in Europe and a growing one in the US.  Penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, however, was originally found in Papua New Guinea.  In the late 1960s, the Australian army gave New Guinean villagers monthly penicillin shots in order to prevent yaws, an infection resembling syphilis that is spread by casual, not sexual, contact.  Over time, the campaign created a large human population in which penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae could flourish. ...



... The best documented example involves the spread of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae in Iceland.  The bug surfaced in Iceland in December 1988, at a hospital in Reykjavik.  DNA fingerprinting revealed that it was similar to a strain found in Spain, a popular winter vacation spot.  Within 3 years, 20% of the S. pneumoniae in Iceland was resistant...apparently all descended from the single Spanish import...



As a threat to public health, S. pneumoniae is currently the greatest object of concern.  The bacterium is the leading cause of illness and death from infection in the US.  It is responsible for roughly 7 million cases of ear infection, 500,000 cases of pneumonia; 50,000 cases of bloodstream infection; and 3,000 cases of meningitis each year...Inevitably, though, a greater number of cases will become "complicated"...



Each year in this country, about 2 million cases of infection are contracted by people while they are in the hospital.  The problem is far more common than in the past, as critically ill patients are kept alive, many connected to tubes and ventilators that give microbes easy portals of entry.



A common cause of these infections is a family of bacteria known as the enterococci, which infect surgical wounds, the urinary tract, the heart and bloodstream. ...these germs have developed resistance to a half-dozen antibiotics.  However, they remain susceptible to vancomycin, an expensive and occasionally toxic intravenous antibiotic...



The biggest cause of hospital acquired infections - the family of Staphylococcus bacteria -- is currently resistant to everything but vancomycin in 40% of cases in large teaching hospitals.  Experts fear the day that drug becomes useless in staph infections -- though few doubt it will arrive.  



Nearly every multidrug-resistant TB organism evolved in patients who stopped taking their medications early or took them sporadically.  Changing both patients and doctors habits would slow the emergence of resistant strains and might even turn back the clock in some cases...

                "The Abuse of Antibiotic: Bacterial resistance evolves".  Washington Post, June 26, 1995



Last year, about 25,000 people between the ages of 3 and 49 died of unexplained causes in the US -- but with symptoms that suggested microbial infections...

                “Budget Cuts Slow Agencies Fighting New Bacteria Strains” Washington Post, June 27, 1995



Cost effectiveness of Development dollars:

Development is far cheaper than defense.   Even the strategic planners in the military now figure that preventing and resolving conflict is far cheaper, in both lives and dollars, than waging war.   Healthy populations also tend to be better consumers of American goods and services.   Thus the importance of public health and prevention of disease.  Global disease eradication efforts also have a significant domestic return on international investments.   For each of these reasons, increases for development assistance can be justified on economic grounds alone.   But the security rational is far more important.  Cuts to development assistance have troubling side effects.    One of our members, upon return from the refugee camps in Bosnia noticed a decrease in cooperation among private voluntary organizations.  She made me aware of the fact that cuts to development assistance decrease the overall effectiveness of our relief efforts.   Shrinking moral is one small factor.  Another consequence is the increased competition between PVOs and NGO’s for scarce donor dollars. Competition may be increasing the effectiveness of individual PVOs, but it is detrimental to the larger scale cooperative efforts needed to effectively deal with development and relief problems.   Making sufficient government money available, and strengthening the mechanism for delivering US aid abroad could reduce this competitive problem.



USAID plays an important role here and continues to work closely in collaboration with WHO, PAHO, PHS/CDC, NIH and others in a number of areas, and is producing cost-effective health improvements.   CDC, WHO and USAID bring collaborative partners to the table, thus sharing the benefits of worldwide and local expertise and reducing the cost borne by any one partner. 



It is vital to keep overall funding for development activities at a level that will allow AID to continue to support internationally-coordinated efforts.   Since 1993, such funds, though a relatively small amount of the AID budget, have been in decline.  Cooperative funding activities, including work on HIV/AIDS through WHO, the Global Program on AIDS, and the new independent UNAIDS program, is estimated to decline by one-third between FY94 and FY96, from a level of $40 million to about $27 million, of which HIV/AIDS funding still accounts for at least two-thirds of the total. 



The latest in infectious diseases:

Last month the British beef industry was crippled (almost eliminated) because of a pathogen 'scare'.   The economic cost alone could be as high as $2 billion dollars.   Last week, Ebola related primate deaths in Alice, Texas resulted in the need to kill hundreds of other primates.  Aside from this loss of life, this incident cost both business and government, a few hundred thousand dollars.   The media will probably spend more than that covering this particular isolated and relatively insignificant health threat, yet the real story is not being told.   These are not 'isolated' incidents.  They are an increasing trend in the global spread of infectious diseases that requires our utmost attention and response.    It is a trend that holds the capacity to bring life as we know it to a grinding halt. 



The bright side:  If we respond to the trend appropriately and adequately it could propel all of humanity into a long, healthy and prosperous future.



Benjamin Franklin long ago reminded all of us that preservation of our form of government depended on our constant vigilance.  The trend of new and re-emerging diseases is a threat to our people, and our way of life.  These global warning signs require more than constant vigilance. 



The choice is yours and the time is now.   We urge this Subcommittee to recognize this growing threat for what it is; a threat worthy of top priority concern.   Any less would be a form of negligence in protecting the national security of this nation and the lives of the American people. 



For this Subcommittee to protect the American people, there are at least four basic areas requiring adequate and immediate action. 



1.  The need for surveillance is quite clear.  A global network of adequately supplied, staffed and trained health posts capable of monitoring and reporting health conditions of even remote populations.



2.  The capacity to response quickly and adequately to any and every outbreak of infectious disease.



3.  Research and development to ensure our capacity to respond to any outbreak be it accidental or intentional.



4.  Elimination and prevention of the conditions that breed and foster infectious diseases.  Poverty is perhaps the greatest culprit.  Unlike other attempts to address poverty from a humanitarian perspective, any new effort must be comprehensive and eternally supported.



Because this subcommittee determines appropriations that will impact each of these areas, you have the greatest capacity to defend this nation’s security.   You can advance our most basic values and provide for our most basic security by focusing your fullest attention on last area mentioned.    Ensuring that every man, woman and child on earth has at least the basic necessities (nutrition, clean water, sanitation, education and basic health services) for a healthy existence will not ensure total safety from infectious diseases.   It would, however, greatly reduce this growing threat.



Last year:

Despite the most restrictive budget limitations, last year this Subcommittee found the resources to increase funding for at least 3 foreign aid programs, in the context of 'national security'.



This House Subcommittee on Appropriations passed its FY'96 bill with increases for:

     

        Foreign Military Financing Program (FMF)        increased by $13 million.

        Int'l Military Education & Training (IMET)         increased by $13.5 million.

        Economic Support Fund (ESF)                               increased by $42 million

        OPIC                                                                             increased by $35 million

      

                 TOTAL non development aid increases:                       $103.5 million



Last years cuts to development assistance programs averaged over 25%.  A 25% reduction to FY'95 levels of the favored programs listed above could yield $1.408 billion -- more than enough to meet the development goals that most of this nation's citizens are aligned on; nutrition, primary health care, water and sanitation, family planning, basic education, microenterprise lending...



Last year the Senate Foreign Operations Subcommittee attempted to shift Department of Defense dollars into the foreign aid budget to increase funding for IMET.  The time for this funding source to be considered in the context of infectious national security threats has arrived.



The economic benefits alone that will result from improving the quality of life for people internationally cannot be overemphasized.  The cost savings to this government and the American people from the global eradication of smallpox has been well documented.  Our cost savings from the global eradication of polio and measles will be even more bountiful.  Combine this with the increase in US jobs as result of increased US exports to a healthier, more prosperous international markets and we could balance our federal budget well within a safe time line.



These decisions are always difficult, and we have a history of ignoring warning signs prior to crisis.   An example was the reduction of defense appropriations prior to the sneak attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.  But I can tell you that the cost of that negligence will be insignificant compared to the cost if these microbial trends are also ignored.



In conclusion, the effectiveness of pathogens can be attributed to one simple trait.  They are basically non-discriminatory.  Most pathogens are blind to their victim’s nationality, income level, political party, skin color, age or sex.  Until we Americans, as humans reach the same level of indiscrimination regarding who benefits from our foreign assistance, we may soon find ourselves on the bottom of the food chain.  As Nobel Laureate, Dr. Joshua Lederberg says, to pathogens we're all just "another piece of meat".    This Subcommittee is our best defense.



For more information contact Chuck Woolery, 301-738-7121,[now 240-997-2209]  email:  chuck@igc.org